Audience, Narrative, Representation and Genre

Audience
Who would you expect to be reading your paper? 
My newspaper is a local paper situated in Portsmouth, so local members of the public will be reading my paper.
I would expect a target audience of 25+ consisting of both males and females from Portsmouth to read my paper.


What is their demographic? 
The demographic of my target audience is around the ages of 25+ adults who are at work and understand the current economic, event and local situations that are happening to have a clear understand of newsworthy information in relation to Portsmouth.


My target audience will need to of had an education to be able to read articles and pieces of information. They will also need to have an opinion and be able to textually analyse pieces of information to make up their own mind on the top. For example, information undergoing the councils plans or information about education of government.


They can consist of both male and females and news stories in the newspaper will not be bias to a sex, the reason for this is because this means more people can read and take interest in topics of news and purchase my magazine.
The race of the reader does not come into production of the newspaper but is considered to be local members of Portsmouth to read the Newspaper.




How will you create your paper to reach this audience?
I will create this paper in relation to my target audience to ensure a higher rate of sales.


Ensuring information provided will reach out to a certain proximity of the local members of the public in Portsmouth, from this it will ensure that the news is worthy to the readers and they can also understand news being published.
Ways in which I will achieve this is by including information which will be beneficial to them and also interest them. So, for example, due to the age of my target audience being 25+ I will include information on job situations, sport and also local events happening in the area which people could take part in from reading my local paper.


Using a recognisable colour, such as blue representing Portsmouth and Portsmouth football club, it will attract them as they can relate themselves to the newspaper through a local colour and group identity of being part of being 'blue'. From this colour readers will know that the information provided will be relevant to Portsmouth. 
Also by using advertisement in my paper to also increase the chance of the newspaper being sold as it could be purchased due to a deal or offer mentioned on the newspaper.

Narrative

How can a daily paper have a narrative? 

A daily newspaper can have a narrative throughout a period of time either short or even long. Updating the public on recurrent news is essentially to ensure that they purchase the newspaper again to update themselves on news which they have read previously.   
An example of a narrative in the news could be along the lines of someones well being and a story which is not fully uncovered. This could be shown through a development of a crime 'dog was murdered' and a few weeks later a news headline stating 'dog killer found!' from this readers can use there knowledge of the story from previous newspaper articles to follow on from the story of the dog killer.

Representation

Information that appears in my newspaper will be related too 

local members of the community in Portsmouth. Such as Students, Adults, Businessmen an even Portsmouth football club. 

In local newspaper stereotypes are prominent to depict a negative connotation of such members of the
demographic like teenagers and students as being loud, drunk and also aggressive. This not effecting the newspapers readership as the target audience being 25+ this will not be effecting them but instead creating a interesting story to read. In the case of a human interest story, information based on elderly o more adult members of the public, they tend to be more sympathetic and on the side of his/her story.

Genre

A Local paper differs from a national paper as all news and information published will be specific to the public and readers of Portsmouth. This will go into more detail in comparison to a national paper where is can't be specific to a news story as it may not all relate to the public as the proximity of the readership compared to the proximity of the news story involved is very different. 


This local paper being a tabloid apart from a broadsheet, this also creates a huge change in layout, information and how the newspaper in presented.
Such as the font size and the amount of text used, in a broadsheet, text used will be much more in comparison to a tabloid which is more linked with imagery and short textual information, just an overview of a situation.


By understanding these factors of newspapers I will be able to target my newspaper specifically to members of Portsmouth and ensure that the information used will be relevant and go into enough detail for my readers to understand and enjoy and most importantly want them to purchase this again.
Also by the lay out of the newspaper to be able to recognise as a local newspaper and so readers do not get a wrong impression of the type of newspaper it is.

Developing images through photoshop

After looking through my designs I have sound that this image seemed to be more appropriate to identify the spinnaker tower with its clarity -

I decided from this image to edit it within photoshop to give it a more interesting and modern look, to sell Gunwharf as a modern, new and exciting place as a local attraction in Portsmouth.

As I was trying out ideas to make this more ultra-modern in relation to the representation of Gunwharf, I filtered this image through stylize and glowing edges. 

I have decided to edit this further to create a more identified image of this as this is too dark and wasn't what I intended.

Throughout my development of filtered images through photoshop I have decided I have to emphasize the bright colours involved as the dark image can be blurred and unidentifiable. 

More images

After doing some more independent work around Portsmouth in relation to my newspaper, I have took some more images of the spinnaker tower and I have took these pictures at night where the spinnaker tower is lit up in a various range of colours.
From this, I thought I could either incorporate these images into my newspaper with a colour scheme or include the images in relation to a new story.

There are the night images I took -

The above images are more detailed as they was taken with a higher megapixel camera so if I decide to chose images I will chose these ones as it is clearer and the readers can identify the image easier. 

As you can see, each image has been taken when the tower has been lit up in a specific colour and from different angle or quality.

Development with imagery through Photoshop

As I am now getting closer to developing my own newspaper after know increasing my knowledge on the news and how newspapers work and are laid out, I have to start designing iconic information and symbols in relation to a local newspaper.
My Newspaper is going to be situated in Portsmouth, so from previous research I have to include the proximity of where my newspaper is and who will be reading it. From taking this aspect into consideration I have decided to incorporate the spinnaker tower into the masthead of my newspaper. Like the news witch the warrior battle ship, the spinnaker tower is iconic to Portsmouth and is recognised by the country and can be seen for miles.

I have searched the internet for an image of the spinnaker tower to see if I could work with one on photoshop and change the colour, shape and size of the image to link in with a suitable title to my newspaper.
This image of the spinnaker tower is a reasonable size and has enough space to work on as it includes all of the tower and some background to widen how I edit the image.

As you can see, the clear sky and the bright image of the spinnaker tower will help me to edit the image into a style acceptable for a local newspaper.

Through editing this image with photoshop, I was able to filter the image and use coloured pencil to chose designs which creates a cartoon effect for my masthead.

The reason for a cartoon image is because it will create a positive effect to my newspaper and create positive connotations.

What is?

What is Human Interest?
Human Interest is stories within the news which appeal to everyone and has created essentially a 'human interest' this can be news like "Yobs attack OAP" or "Children run for cancer" all these stories are designed to create an interest to all or many of there target audience.
News stories like these are usually common with local news papers as the stories are usually in close proximity with the newspaper.

Here is an example of Human interest, of firefighters rescuing a man from a fire. This is human interest as it contains other humans.
http://www.portsmouth.co.uk/news/local/east-hampshire/firefighters_lead_man_to_safety_as_blaze_rages_in_flat_1_3136302

What is Ethos?
Ethos is an individuals beliefs and values which they go by, this can be incorperated within a news paper, with current affairs, environment and also sport.
For example, an individuals ideology on the topic of 'fox hunting' - this is a negoticated approach through textual analysis within a newspaper, as some amy argue against fox hunting whereas others may think it is a traditional sport. This creates an indiviudal ethos of what they go by and follow.
In relation to a newspaper, ensuring you produce stories which attract the audiences' attention you need to show ethos which is shared in a large scale of 'Portsmouth' as a local newspaper. This could be done by sharing topics on local news such as football, council and also crime.

What is the inverted triangle?
The Inverted triangle can be seen as an 'upside down' triangle and is the order of tasks which is followed by when presenting a news story to the public, used by all kinds of journalists and also students.
The Inverted Triangle consists of firstly at the top of the inverted triangle is 'most newsworthy info', these are such things like; Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?, all of which is most newsworthy as it gives the readers an overall story and ensures that they understand what is going on before they include additional information.

The Middle section of the inverted triangle which is now more narrow and small therefore signifying a less important role in comparison to 'most newsworthy info' is the 'Important Details'.
After setting the scene and giving an overall basis of information on the story to the readers, journalists are now able to give additional important information so the readers can understand why information can be seen as 'important.

The last part of the triangle and is now the bottom and small point of the triangle is called the 'Background information and general information' - This is more information or even last minute details which can give the reader a feel that they can either sympathise with people or something involved and can understand why something is there and if the news effects anyone else. These additional and less important information is not as important as the other two section but is able to give the readers something more to read about on the story

Here you can see how the inverted triangle looks -

image from wikipedia

What is white space?
White space is the areas on the page which has not been edited with images or information, it is also commonly known as 'negative space' - This is used as part of production of a magazine to ensure not too much space is left and also not too much space is full with too much information, this creates a balance of white space and information space to ensure that this creates an aesthetically pleasing page for the audience to look at and read.
As I take this into consideration for my newspaper I will be able to not make my newspaper too crammed with information and make a good even balance, from this the page wont look cluttered and unreadable.

Here is a picture I took of a local newspaper 'The News' to show how white space and information vital space has been designed to create an even balance -

 - This front cover has white space round the edges near the margins and around mastheads, puffs, plugs and advertisements, this spaces out the information and makes it easy to identify to the audience as seperate pieces of information.

- This is another front cover and as you can see they have used the same white space as in the previous image, such as white space or 'negative space' round the masthead and other images and information. This shows that The News keep to a constant format of where the white space should be in comparison to the audience and what they have found easier to read and understand the separate news stories involved.

- This is the first two inside pages of a newspaper and this has been taken so I can see how it is laid out for me to use for my magazine pages.
Here there is large amounts of white space around subheadings and images, this makes it easy to distinguish image to its story and story to another story.
The main obvious area of 'white space, is on the first page to the right of the image with the two men in costumes, just from that one area of white space it spaces out the newspaper page of information and makes it easier and more aesthetically pleasing to look at.

Background information on The News

A2 Media Studies - Background information on The News on Prezi

What is a local newspaper? definition of local -

Local newspapers is where members of the public share same values and ideologies of certain types of information such as 'political party, nature and the public sector' all of these which can be within a town or city.
For example in Portsmouth 'The News' is a local newspaper spreading across Portsmouth, this will provide information relevant to Portsmouth and all readers will relate to the information given in the paper. Making it a local paper.

I took some images of 'The News' so you can see how they have used imagery to promote a common identification for their audience to relate too.

This newspapers shows us how information can make stories local to the readership, such stories as 'Nurse stole wallet from op patient' this piece of news is relating to QA hospital in Cosham, where a high majority of people from Portsmouth use this hospital. So, by using this story the readers will see this as human interest and will follow on from reading this article as its local.

Imagery is also used to promote how local newspapers feel is the most important local iconic emblem, in this case between 'The' and 'News' is a picture of a old battle ship, most likely the victory which is situated in Portsmouth. This image will ensure that readers will recognise this picture and relate themselves as part of the news.   

 

What is newsworthiness? news values? bias?

To ensure that stories which are publicised are worthy for the news and interesting to read for the target audience is vital for the readership to grow and to have a steady or even increasing income.
Factors which all journalists need to take into consideration for a interesting newspaper to be produced is; the timing, significance, where the news is (proximity), who is involved, negativity and last of all an appeal to emotion, this is news and information which has been chosen which will cause readership to share a common belief or understanding for a piece of information.

The timing for a newspaper is also important to take into consideration as news about places, people and time need to be published around the time the even occurs. Audience like to have an understanding about what is going to so they feel that they are keeping on topic of current affairs.

Significance should also be included. Is the stories relevant to the readership and there surroundings and common shared beliefs and ideologies. For example, information about the Scottish government should not be included as most people from local (Portsmouth) would not find this interesting as it does not effect them in any way and they can not share the news as a common interest.

Proximity, where the stories are from. Local stories for example 'flats on fire in Portsmouth' will be more beneficial to the readers in comparison to 'flats on fire in Manchester'. You have to ensure that the news published in you newspaper effects/interests people in the same area where the newspaper will be sold.

Who is involved in the stories is also a factor of a good magazine as it will gain more or less interest for the reader.
Such news about local people in 'car accidents' or 'family problems' do occasionally make the news, but this is most likely to be about drastic information which all others can share, talk about and creates a common interest.
But, information about local famous people in the area or even big companies is most likely going to be perceived as exciting and interesting for the readership.

Negativity, although it doesn't really fill people with hope, enjoyment and happiness it does create more of an interesting read over positive news. Political upheaval or simply even extreme bad weather conditions are all negative but creates a high readership!

Last of all, and most probably most important in my opinion is appeal to emotion or emotion. This is a common human interest which will effect most or all of the local citizens of your area, in this case 'Portsmouth'. For example, ' Spinnaker tower falls and kills hundreds' very drastic, but this appeal to emotion is linked to all of Portsmouth and even further! all readers will commemorate the deaths or local people and also all share an emotion which will be accept for all. This is a dominant ideological news story for the audience to all agree and find interesting. Human interest, is there for all people to read about other people. Such as, 'Gang attacks shop keeper' or 'school girl fights littering' - All these information people share in either negative or positive information.
You have to ensure that the news has been made personal to the story for the human interest to be there.

News also have bias information, where they are essentially trying to persuade the audience to believe or agree to something. A good example of this would be in relation to the government and a political party, may be more associated with bigger tabloid newspapers instead of local newspapers for example, 'The Sun' but it is still very dominant in local news.
This can be shown in 'The News' where bias is shown for Portsmouth football club or even other news like against thieves or drugs, these are all stories which are either really put down and made out to be terrible or made out to be great and that all should do it.